O estudo investigou indicadores da síndrome de couvade em pais primíparos durante a gravidez das esposas. Participaram 30 casais com idades entre 20 e 35 anos que estavam em diferentes trimestres da gestação. Os pais e as gestantes responderam individualmente a uma entrevista semi-estruturada que in..

Through the analysis of the thought of Mach and Duhem, who have felt the need to re-evaluate the relationship between metaphysics and physics, we study in what measure the authors had a position relating to an eventual weakening of the traditional epistemic criteria, which were until their time used for the evaluation of scientific theories, and those criteria should respect the distinction between fact and value. We investigate the way each argues for a division between science and metaphysics, as well (...) as the reasons for this. For both authors, adopting mechanicism as the basis for modern science is in the origin of the emergence of the materialist metaphysics, which should now be abandoned. Every metaphysics built from physical results would be a disrespect to the distinction between fact and value. Duhem and Mach argue for a new role for the common sense, which should not be taken as the source of error anymore. (shrink)

Este artículo propone estudiar la relación que hay entre filosofía y literatura para Deleuze y Guattari. La tesis de central muestra que se debe captar el diferencial justo donde ambas, filosofía y literatura están conectadas, a saber, en el acontecimiento. Por el tratamiento que cada una tiene del acontecimiento, resulta que ambas posibilitan, a su modo, nuevos cambios en la vida de los humanos. En la primera parte se expone la concepción del arte y de la filosofía, a partir del (...) bloque de sensación y del concepto. En la segunda parte, se expone la particularidad de la creación literaria respecto del lenguaje, la escritura, el sentido y el acontecimiento. En la tercera sección se precisa que la línea de fuga completa, en términos temporales, el acontecimiento en la literatura. La cuarta y última parte presenta el diferencial entre filosofía y literatura, para mostrar los derroteros hacia la relación con la filosofía política. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo, escrito na forma de um ensaio, tem como objetivo traçar uma discussão a respeito de um binômio particular ao magistério: ofício ou vocação. Nossa pergunta chave é: seria a docência um exercício de vocação, baseado no dom de ensinar e no apreço pelas pessoas? Por meio de três princípios da e para a docência, produzimos um diálogo articulado entre as premissas mais gerais a respeito do trabalho docente e as reflexões originadas da experiência cotidiana como professores formadores. (...) Ao final, esperamos destacar a complexidade da profissão que é ofício e vocação. Palavras-chave: Educação; Formação Docente; Ensino Delving into meanings of teaching from three principles Abstract: This paper, written as an essay, aims to outline a discussion about a particular binomial to the teaching profession: profession or calling. Our key question is: would teaching be an exercise of vocation, based on the gift of teaching and appreciation for people? Through three principles of and for teaching, we produced an articulated dialogue between the most general premises regarding teaching work and the reflections originated from the daily experience as teacher educators. In the end, we hope to highlight the complexity of the profession that is both profession and calling. Keywords: Education; Teacher Education; Teaching Profundizando en significados de la enseñanza desde tres principios Resumen: Este artículo, escrito en forma de ensayo, tiene como objetivo esbozar una discusión sobre un binomio particular a la profesión docente: oficio o vocación. Nuestra pregunta clave es: ¿sería la docencia un ejercicio de vocación, basado en el don de la enseñanza y el aprecio por las personas? A través de tres principios de y para la docencia, producimos un diálogo articulado entre los presupuestos más generales en torno al trabajo docente y las reflexiones originadas desde la experiencia cotidiana como formadores de docentes. Al final, esperamos resaltar la complejidad de la profesión que es a la vez oficio y vocación. Palabras clave: Educación; Formación de Profesores; Enseñanza Data de registro: 29/06/2022 Data de aceite: 26/10/2022. (shrink)

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men’s health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity.ResultsThe experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from (...) the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care.ConclusionThe discourse revealed that the men’s behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health. (shrink)

Este artículo busca avizorar, desde el terreno de las pretensiones del humanismo, la posibilidad de una ética desprovista de «centro» que se asiente en la «compasión». Se buscará comprender la necesidad de abandonar los intentos de retornar al proyecto «humanístico» y se señalará su mayor riesgo: el «cínico ilustrado». Adicionalmente, se considerará «el humanismo» como el solemne destello de una «estrella que murió hace mucho» pero que da señales para la construcción de una ética excéntrica fundada en la compasión y (...) el dolor. Para tales efectos, se presentarán tres secciones: a) el humanista un cínico ilustrado b) mecanismos de evasión. La miseria y el modo de vida burgués y c) la ausencia de centro y la posibilidad de una ética excéntrica. (shrink)

Esta introdução descreve os mais importantes dados biográficos da vida e da obra do físico teórico austríaco Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906). As principais contribuições científicas de Boltzmann situam-se nos domínios da teoria cinética dos gases e mecânica estatística, da qual ele foi um dos fundadores. A tese de que as teorias científicas são representações dos fenômenos naturais é encontrada em todos os artigos de Boltzmann. No verbete "modelo", ela é apresentada de modo mais organizado, o que o torna uma peça fundamental (...) para a compreensão do pensamento filosófico do físico austríaco. O verbete, publicado na famosa enciclopédia Britannica, foi escrito para o público em geral. Ainda assim, Boltzmann não se eximiu de tomar partido em favor do uso de modelos. Estes últimos não apenas seriam inevitáveis, mas necessários, uma vez que tornavam possível o aperfeiçoamento contínuo da ciência. This introduction describes the most important biographical details of the life and work of the Austrian theoretical physicist Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906). The main scientific contributions of Boltzmann can be found in areas such as the kinetic theory of gases and statistical mechanics, of which he was one of the co-founders. The thesis that scientific theories are representations of natural phenomena is found in all philosophical articles by Boltzmann. In the entry "model", published in the celebrated Encyclopedia Britannica, the thesis is presented in a more organized way, making it the keystone to understand the philosophical thought of the Austrian physicist. Although the entry was written for the general public, in it Boltzmann did not refrain from taking sides as far as the use of models is concerned. According to him, the latter would not only be inevitable, but in fact necessary, since they would made possible the continuous improvement of science. (shrink)

This article describes and discusses the ideas of Patrick Heelan about the nature of visual perception, which he argues as not being intrinsically Euclidian, but rather as being described both in Euclidian and not-Euclidian geometries. Another objective is to place Heelan’s ideas in the context of the attempts to grasp the nature of science from the hermeneutical standpoint, in agreement with the so called analytical philosophy of science, noticing that his philosophical perspective is determined by phenomenology, in particular that inspired (...) by Heidegger. Heelan’s phenomenology and philosophy of science are innovative and original deserving to be described and analysed. It is proposed that the investigation of Heelan’s project opens up new perspectives in both phenomenology and philosophy of science. (shrink)

One question in moral psychology concerns the role of emotions to motivate moral action. This question has recently become more urgent, because it is now clearer that cognitive developmental theories cannot offer a complete explanation of moral functioning. This paper suggests that emotion, as is typically understood in psychology, cannot be seen as the basis for an acceptable explanation of moral behaviour and motivation. However, it is argued that it is possible to understand emotions as embedded in agentic processes, and (...) regulated by conscious concerns. So understood, emotions acquire an important role in the person's moral life. These conclusions are reached through an extensive review of psychological and philosophical conceptions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). (shrink)

Seekers know that they will search all their lives not only for what they have lost, but above all for what they do not yet know and that they are not even sure exists. Augusto Cavadi, to whom this book is dedicated on his 70th birthday, is an indomitable seeker. For this reason a group of friends and colleagues wrote these collected testimonies, reflections, ideas and suggestions inspired by his writings and his life as an anti-academic philosopher without a (...) tie--Translated from back cover. (shrink)

The traditional model of human cognition (TMHC) postulates an ontological and/or structural gap between conscious and unconscious mental representations. By and large, it sees higher-level mental processes as commonly conceptual or symbolic in nature and therefore conscious, whereas unconscious, lower-level representations are conceived as non-conceptual or sub-symbolic. However, experimental evidence belies this model, suggesting that higher-level mental processes can be, and often are, carried out in a wholly unconscious way and/or without conceptual representations, and that these can be processed unconsciously. (...) This entails that the TMHC, as well as the theories on mental representation it motivates and that in turn support it, is wrong. (shrink)

Esta obra permanece aún como la primera y la más brillante demostración ñdespués de Marxñ de que la agricultura no puede producir por sí misma los elementos que ne cesita para llegar al socialismo, es decir que íla industria somete a la agricultura de modo que el desarrollo industrial determina siempre más la ley del desarrollo agrarioî. íY en esto ñdice Kautskyñ, en haber evidenciado la industrialización de la agricultura, es donde yo veo la idea central de mi libro.î La (...) introducción se dedica a analizar la figura de Kautsky y las discusiones que el presente libro provocó en el seno de la socialdemocracia alemana. (shrink)

Resumo: Com o fito de compreender as noções de história e juízo político, este artigo pretende mostrar a peculiar interpretação que Hannah Arendt faz da mais conhecida e discutida personalidade filosófica: Sócrates. Assim como outras ideias, tais como a de banalidade do mal, a natureza do terror totalitário e de espaço público, sua estrita pintura do filósofo grego nos demanda a tarefa de discriminar a diferença entre pensamento e ação. Seria acaso o juízo a ponte entre as atividades de pensamento (...) e da ação política? A preocupação, neste ensaio,é a de mostrar como Hannah Arendt estava procurando por um modo autêntico de filosofia política, cujo maior exemplo seria Sócrates. No mesmo sentido, também se debruça acerca do significado do juízo reflexionante, ideia bastante fecunda em sua obra que permanece ainda bastante alusiva.: In order to understand Arendt’s conceptions of history and political judgment, this article discusses her peculiar interpretation of Socrates. As with her other ideas, such as the banality of evil, the nature of totalitarian terror, and the public space, her portrayal of the Greek philosopher demands that we discriminate between thinking and acting. Would judgment by chance be the bridge between the activities of thought and political action? My aim in this essay is to show how Arendt, from beginning of her work, was looking for an authentic mode of political life, the major example of which is Socrates. I also address what Arendt meant by her idea of a reflexive judgment, an idea that has proved enormously suggestive yet which remains elusive. (shrink)

The gulf between philosophical and formal ontology can and should be bridged. In this Editorial, I elaborate briefly on this subject.

Since Freud and his co-author Breuer spoke of dissociation in 1895, a scientific paradigm was painstakingly established in the field of unconscious cognition. This is the dissociation paradigm. However, recent critical analysis of the many and various reported dissociations reveals their blurred, or unveridical, character. Moreover, we remain ignorant with respect to the ways cognitive phenomena transition from consciousness to an unconscious mode. This hinders us from filling in the puzzle of the unified mind. We conclude that we have reached (...) a Kuhnian crisis in the field of unconscious cognition, and we predict that new models, incorporating partly the relevant findings of the dissociation paradigm—but also of dynamic psychology—, will soon be established. We further predict that some of these models will be largely based on the pairs representation–process and analog–digital. (shrink)

Genera, typically hand-in-hand with their branching species, are essential elements of vocabulary-based information constructs, in particular scientific taxonomies. Should they also feature in formal ontologies, the highest of such constructs? I argue in this article that the answer is “Yes” and that the question posed in its title also has a Yes-answer: The way medieval ontologists sliced up the world into genera does matter to formal ontology. More specifically, the way Dietrich of Freiberg, a Latin scholastic, conceived and applied strictly (...) generic criteria to slice up the world into its entities can provide some guidelines to the field of formal ontology with respect to not only its contents, but also its scope. In particular, Dietrich's information criterion plays here a central role. (shrink)

An analysis of--yet another--case of academic failure in multi- and interdisciplinarity. An editorial of the Journal of Knowledge Structures & Systems.

Resumo: A cidadania-filosófica para o ensino de filosofia foi alvo recente de debate na ANPOF. Pesquisadoras e pesquisadores do ensino de filosofia, fundamentados nos desenvolvimentos históricos da área, reivindicam o reconhecimento institucional do campo Filosofia do Ensino de Filosofia junto à comunidade filosófica e às agências de fomento à pesquisa no país. Realizar um resgate histórico e filosófico do debate em torno da cidadania-filosófica compreende o objetivo do presente texto. Primeiramente, retomar-se-ão os acontecimentos dos anos de 1990 e 2000, mostrando (...) que, nesse momento, a cidadania-filosófica compreendeu a transformação do ensino de filosofia em um problema genuíno de pesquisa filosófica. Posteriormente, apresentar-se-ão números e algumas iniciativas acadêmicas na área, os quais indicam como essa abertura filosófica às pesquisas do ensino de filosofia promoveu a consolidação do campo e permitiu a emergência da discussão da cidadania-filosófica em um plano institucional, tal como reivindicado na ANPOF. Por fim, destaca-se que, apesar dos avanços vigentes, o campo ainda carece de uma convivência maior entre os pares: torna-se necessária a interação epistemológica, ética e política entre os membros da comunidade, a fim de que exista – através do esforço colaborativo e também de disputa – o fortalecimento dos projetos comuns e singulares à Filosofia do Ensino de Filosofia. Palavras-chave: Filosofia do Ensino de Filosofia; Cidadania-filosófica; Campo de Conhecimento. Philosophy of Philosophy Teaching: the debate of a philosophical citizenship from historical-discursive movements of the field Abstract: A philosophical citizenship for Philosophy teaching has recently been debated during the ANPOF (National Association of Graduate Studies in Philosophy) conference. Grounded on historical developments in Philosophy teaching, researchers have demanded the institutional acknowledgement of the field entitled Philosophy of Philosophy Teaching by the philosophical community and the agencies that promote research in Brazil. The purpose of this text is to carry out a historical and philosophical rescue of the debate around the philosophical citizenship that has been claimed in recent years. Firstly, facts of the 1990s and 2000s will be resumed, showing that, at that moment, the philosophical citizenship comprised the transformation of Philosophy teaching into a genuine problem for philosophical research. Subsequently, numbers and some academic initiatives in the area will be presented, which indicate how this philosophical openness to the research on Philosophy teaching has promoted the consolidation of the field and allowed the emergence of the discussion of philosophical citizenship at an institutional level, such as claimed during the ANPOF conference. Finally, it is emphasized that, despite the current advances, the field still lacks greater coexistence between peers: epistemological, ethical and political interaction between community members is necessary, so that the strengthening of common and singular projects to the Philosophy of Philosophy Teaching exists through collaborative effort and also dispute. Key-words: Philosophy of Philosophy Teaching; Citizenship-philosophical; Field of Knowledge. Filosofía de la Enseñanza de Filosofía: el debate de la ciudadanía filosófica desde los movimientos histórico-discursivos del campo Resumen: La ciudadanía filosófica para la enseñanza de filosofía fue un tema reciente de debate en el congreso de la ANPOF (Asociación Nacional de Posgrado en Filosofía). Los investigadores de la enseñanza de filosofía, con amparo en los desarrollos históricos del área, postulan el reconocimiento institucional de la Filosofía del campo de la Enseñanza de Filosofía por parte de la comunidad filosófica y de los organismos de promoción de investigación del país. Realizar un rescate histórico y filosófico del debate alrededor de la ciudadanía filosófica constituye el propósito de este texto. En primer lugar, se retomarán los acontecimientos de las décadas de 1990 y 2000, mostrando que, en ese momento, la ciudadanía filosófica entendió la transformación de la enseñanza de filosofía en un problema genuino de investigación filosófica. Posteriormente, se presentarán números y algunas iniciativas académicas en el área, que indican cómo esta apertura filosófica a la investigación sobre la enseñanza de filosofía promovió la consolidación del campo y permitió el surgimiento de la discusión de la ciudadanía filosófica en nivel institucional, como postulado en la ANPOF. Finalmente, se destaca que, a pesar de los avances actuales, el campo aún carece de una mayor convivencia entre pares: es necesaria la interacción epistemológica, ética y política entre los miembros de la comunidad, para que exista - a través del esfuerzo colaborativo y también de la disputa - el fortalecimiento de los intereses comunes y singulares a la Filosofía de la Enseñanza de la Filosofía. Palabras-clave: Filosofía de la Enseñanza de Filosofía; Ciudadanía-filosófica; Campo de Conocimiento. Data de registro: 20/01/2023 Data de aceite: 01/08/2024. (shrink)

Selection of Salazar Bondy's works with new critical materials.

Ontologies are some of the most central constructs in today's large plethora of knowledge technologies, namely in the context of the semantic web. As their coinage indicates, they are direct heirs to the ontological investigations in the long Western philosophical tradition, but it is not easy to make bridges between them. Contemporary ontological commitments often take causality as a central aspect for the ur-segregation of entities, especially in scientific upper ontologies; theories of causality and philosophical ontological investigations often go hand-in-hand, (...) and were essentially inseparable in medieval thought. This constitutes the foundation for a bridge, and this article analyzes the causality-based ontology of the late medieval philosopher Dietrich of Freiberg from the viewpoint of today's upper-ontology engineering. In this bridging attempt, it offers a translation into English of the first part of Dietrich's De origine (abbreviated title) that is a compromise between traditional scholarly translations of medieval Latin philosophical texts and contemporary ontology. (shrink)

Foundational ontologies, central constructs in ontological investigations and engineering alike, are based on ontological categories. Firstly proposed by Aristotle as the very ur- elements from which the whole of reality can be derived, they are not easy to identify, let alone partition and/or hierarchize; in particular, the question of their number poses serious challenges. The late medieval philosopher Dietrich of Freiberg wrote around 1286 a tutorial that can help us today with this exceedingly difficult task. In this paper, I discuss (...) ontological categories and their importance for foundational ontologies from both the contemporary perspective and the original Aristotelian viewpoint, I provide the translation from the Latin into English of Dietrich's De origine II with an introductory elaboration, and I extract a foundational ontology–that is in fact a single-category one–from this text rooted in Dietrich's specification of types of subjecthood and his conception of intentionality as causal operation. (shrink)

Ethical problems connected with biological and medical discoveries in genetic engineering, neurobiology and pharmaceutical research, reach a unified and critical point of view in bioethics as a specific discipline. But even before reaching this stage, ethical problems already belong to two totalities: the semiobiosphere. and the current social form of global communication. Coherently with its philosophical orientation, bioethics must necessarily keep accountof this double contextualisation. The semiobiosphere is the object of study of global semiotics or the semiotics of life. Global (...) semiotics is of particular interest to bioethics not only because of the broad context it provides for the problems treated by bioethics, but also because it provides bioethics with an adequate contextualisation both in terms of extension, of quantity, as well as of quality. From this point of view, "contextualisation" also means critical reformulation. We are now alluding to the need of viewing bioethical problems in the light of today's socio-economic context, that is, in the context of global communication-production. These contextualisations are closely related from the viewpoint of ethics. Semiotics as global semiotics or semiotics of life must accept the responsibility of denouncing incongruencies in the global system, any threats to life over the entire planet inherent in this system. (shrink)

Contemporary studies in unconscious cognition are essentially founded on dissociation, i.e., on how it dissociates with respect to conscious mental processes and representations. This is claimed to be in so many and diverse ways that one is often lost in dissociation. In order to reduce this state of confusion we here carry out two major tasks: based on the central distinction between cognitive processes and representations, we identify and isolate the main dissociation paradigms; we then critically analyze their key tenets (...) and reported findings. (shrink)

The concept of unconscious knowledge is fundamental for an understanding of human thought processes and mentation in general; however, the psychological community at large is not familiar with it. This paper offers a survey of the main psychological research currently being carried out into cognitive processes, and examines pathways that can be integrated into a discipline of unconscious knowledge. It shows that the field has already a defined history and discusses some of the features that all kinds of unconscious knowledge (...) seem to share at a deeper level. With the aim of promoting further research, we discuss the main challenges which the postulation of unconscious cognition faces within the psychological community. (shrink)

Journal Name: Semiotica - Journal of the International Association for Semiotic Studies / Revue de l'Association Internationale de Sémiotique Volume: 2013 Issue: 196 Pages: 521-532.

Este livro é o resultado de um estudo sobre a teoria da montagem cinematográfica.

This is a mathematical and computational intro to many-valued logics. The approach is mostly mathematical, namely algebraic (via the notion of logical matrix) and computational (via the satisfiability problem). An automated calculus -- the signed resolution calculus for many-valued logics -- is elaborated on.

Ivan Domingues é professor do Departamento de Filosofia da Universi­dade Federal de Minas Gerais. Seu livro, “Filosofia no Brasil: legados e perspectivas” foi publicado pela Editora UNESP, ele traz em sua obra um forte e pertinente problema que muitos estudiosos se debruçam afim de entender e esclarecer pontos sobre a filosofia no Brasil, e todo contexto histórico envolto dela.

According to the mythical-religious literature time is determined by the eternal nature of divinity or origin of all things. From this adagio, theological literature is provoked and studies on the eternal nature of divinity suggest that if the universe was created the image of its creator the first must also be eternal. Therefore the question arises: how to shape that which by nature is formless, infinite, namely eternity? To answer this question the following paper develops a brief history about the (...) Judeo-Christian tradition on the problem of time and its relationship with eternity and also tries to prepare at the end one logical answer to the question about the form of eternity. (shrink)